The brief characteristic of the modern condition of Belarusian Polesie water resources and proposals for their rational use and protection are given. It is noted that the further research is expedient for concentrating on the elaboration of measures on the prevention and reduction of negative consequences from floods, improvement of the quality of surface and groundwaters, and also the protection of water sources from exhaustion. The necessity of an estimation of consequences of anthropogenous influence on water resources, climate changes, and also the development of strategy of rational use and the maintenance of the mode of surface and ground waters enabling the biospheric functioning of natural complexes on river basin level for the Pripyat and the Western Bug are accentuated.